This study was part of a mixed-methods project, conducted by Khartoum Medical Students’ Association, aiming to investigate the health status of Khalwa students. The majority of Khalwa students are children. Khalwa is one of the most ancient non-governmental educational institutions that are commonly found all over Sudan, playing a major role in the Sudanese society. Serological data provides useful information of exposure to very low endemic malaria species in a population that is unlikely to present to clinics with symptomatic infections. Spatial scan statistics identified non-overlapping areas of the country with higher seroprevalence for these two malarias. malariae, with no children testing positive for active infection. No samples were found to be positive for Plasmodium DNA or antigens.įrom school-based surveys conducted from 2014 to 2016, very few Haitian children had evidence of exposure to P. malariae exposure, and two identified for P. Two significant clusters of seropositivity were identified throughout the country for P. Of 24,559 children enrolled in 788 schools providing samples for PvMSP1 19 serology, 113 (0.46%) were seropositive. Of 21,719 children enrolled in 680 schools in Haiti who provided samples to assay for IgG against PmMSP1 19, 278 (1.27%) were seropositive. malariae antigens was assessed by both Ripley’s K-function and Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic.
Geospatial clustering of high seroprevalence areas for P. A subset of samples was also tested for Plasmodium DNA by PCR assays, and for Plasmodium antigens by a multiplex antigen detection assay. malariae merozoite surface protein 19kD subunit (MSP1 19 ) antigens was detected by a multiplex bead assay (MBA).
malariae infections are also known to be endemic.įrom 2014–2016, 28,681 Haitian children were enrolled in school-based serosurveys and were asked to provide a blood sample for detection of antibodies against multiple infectious diseases. The prominent malaria species within Haiti is Plasmodium falciparum, but P. Antibodies against malaria antigens provide an indicator of active or past exposure to these parasites. While mining concessions alone may not drive the high prevalence, unobserved features of mining-exposed areas, such as human migration, changing vector populations, or parasite genetics, may instead be responsible.Įstimation of malaria prevalence in very low transmission settings is difficult by even the most advanced diagnostic tests. Our findings reveal a complex interplay between mining, logging, space, and malaria prevalence. Upon correction, effect estimates for mining and logging shifted toward the null and we did not find sufficient evidence to detect an association with malaria. We find elevated malaria prevalence among individuals in rural areas exposed to mining however, we also detect significant spatial confounding among locations. Here, we evaluate associations between mining, logging, and malaria in the high transmission setting of the Democratic Republic of the Congo using population-representative malaria survey results and geographic data for environmental features and mining and logging concessions. The extent to which mining and logging influence malaria transmission in Africa remains poorly understood.
#Transformice school map series#
This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.Įxtraction of natural resources through mining and logging activities provides revenue and employment across sub-Saharan Africa, a region with the highest burden of malaria globally. Although the clinical disease aspects of malaria, HIV and TB are well-researched there is less research available on socio-demographic variation, disease control challenges and interventions targeting these in the DRC. Evidence utilised is a mixture of the most recent grey literature NGO (programme reports and related documents) literature supplemented by peer reviewed academic literature from the past five years and national survey data when available. This rapid review emphasizes significant elements of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV, and TB in DRC, as well as limitations in prevention, detection, and treatment, and examines a few interventions that aim to address these limitations. The DRC is considered a high burden country for TB and HIV infection (Linguissi et al., 2017).
The HIV prevalence in the country in the adult population stands at 1%, with extensive variations by region (UNAIDS, 2021c). The DRC is the second most malaria affected sub-Saharan African country after Nigeria, with malaria being the leading cause of death in children under 5 years (Lechthaler et al., 2019).
Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are leading causes of death and public health threat to millions in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
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